Excel Functions &amp; Formulas Directory

ACCRINT

Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest.

ACCRINTM

Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity.

ACOS

Returns the arccosine of a number.

ACOSH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number.

ACOT

Returns the arccotangent of a number.

ACOTH

Returns the hyperbolic arccotangent of a number.

ADDRESS

Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet.

AGGREGATE

Returns an aggregate in a list or database.

AMORDEGRC

Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient.

AMORLINC

Returns the depreciation for each accounting period.

LogicalBeginner EssentialsLogic & ConditionsMost Used

AND

Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE.

ARABIC

Converts a Roman number to Arabic, as a number.

AREAS

Returns the number of areas in a reference.

ARRAYTOTEXT

Returns an array of text values from any specified range.

ASC

Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters.

ASIN

Returns the arcsine of a number.

ASINH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.

ATAN

Returns the arctangent of a number.

ATAN2

Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates.

ATANH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.

AVEDEV

Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean.

StatisticalBeginner EssentialsMost UsedStatistics & Analysis

AVERAGE

Returns the average of its arguments.

AVERAGEA

Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values.

AVERAGEIF

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria.

AVERAGEIFS

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria.

BAHTTEXT

Converts a number to text, using the ß (baht) currency format.

BASE

Converts a number into a text representation with the given radix (base).

BESSELI

Returns the modified Bessel function In(x).

BESSELJ

Returns the Bessel function Jn(x).

BESSELK

Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x).

BESSELY

Returns the Bessel function Yn(x).

BETA.DIST

Returns the beta cumulative distribution function.

BETA.INVn

Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

BETADIST

Returns the beta cumulative distribution function.

BETAINV

Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

BIN2DEC

Converts a binary number to decimal.

BIN2HEX

Converts a binary number to hexadecimal.

BIN2OCT

Converts a binary number to octal.

BINOM.DIST

Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability.

BINOM.DIST.RANGE

Returns the probability of a trial result using a binomial distribution.

BINOM.INV

Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

BINOMDIST

Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability.

BITAND

Returns a 'Bitwise And' of two numbers.

BITLSHIFT

Returns a value number shifted left by shift_amount bits.

BITOR

Returns a bitwise OR of 2 numbers.

BITRSHIFT

Returns a value number shifted right by shift_amount bits.

BITXOR

Returns a bitwise 'Exclusive Or' of two numbers.

LogicalDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALogic & ConditionsModern Excel Functions

BYCOL

Applies a LAMBDA to each column and returns an array of the results.

BYROW

Applies a LAMBDA to each row and returns an array of the results.

LogicalDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALogic & ConditionsModern Excel Functions

CALL

Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource.

User DefinedUser Defined

CEILING

Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

CEILING.MATH

Rounds a number up, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

CEILING.PRECISE

Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.

InformationDesktop OnlyInformation & Auditing

CELL

Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell.

CHAR

Returns the character specified by the code number.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

CHIDIST

Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.

CHIINV

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

CHISQ.DIST

Returns the cumulative beta probability density function.

CHISQ.DIST.RT

Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.

CHISQ.INV

Returns the cumulative beta probability density function.

CHISQ.INV.RT

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution.

CHISQ.TEST

Returns the test for independence.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

CHITEST

Returns the test for independence.

CHOOSE

Chooses a value from a list of values.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

CHOOSECOLS

Returns the specified columns from an array.

CHOOSEROWS

Returns the specified rows from an array.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

CLEAN

Removes all nonprintable characters from text.

TextBeginner EssentialsMost UsedText Cleaning

CODE

Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string.

COLUMN

Returns the column number of a reference.

COLUMNS

Returns the number of columns in a reference.

COMBIN

Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects.

COMBINA

Returns the number of combinations with repetitions for a given number of items.

COMPLEX

Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number.

TextModern Excel FunctionsMost UsedText Processing

CONCAT

Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings, but it doesn't provide the delimiter or IgnoreEmpty arguments.

CONCATENATE

Joins several text items into one text item.

TextMost UsedText Processing

CONFIDENCE

Returns the confidence interval for a population mean.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

CONFIDENCE.NORM

Returns the confidence interval for a population mean.

CONFIDENCE.T

Returns the confidence interval for a population mean, using a Student's t distribution.

CONVERT

Converts a number from one measurement system to another.

COPILOT

Categorize, summarize, and generate text using Copilot.

CORREL

Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets.

COS

Returns the cosine of a number.

COSH

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

COT

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.

COTH

Returns the cotangent of an angle.

StatisticalBeginner EssentialsMost UsedStatistics & Analysis

COUNT

Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments.

COUNTA

Counts how many values are in the list of arguments.

StatisticalBeginner EssentialsMost UsedStatistics & Analysis

COUNTBLANK

Counts the number of blank cells within a range.

StatisticalBeginner EssentialsMost UsedStatistics & Analysis

COUNTIF

Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria.

COUNTIFS

Counts the number of cells within a range that meet multiple criteria.

StatisticalMost UsedStatistics & Analysis

COUPDAYBS

Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date.

COUPDAYS

Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date.

COUPDAYSNC

Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date.

COUPNCD

Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date.

COUPNUM

Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date.

COUPPCD

Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

COVAR

Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations.

COVARIANCE.P

Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations.

COVARIANCE.S

Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products deviations for each data point pair in two data sets.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

CRITBINOM

Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value.

CSC

Returns the cosecant of an angle.

CSCH

Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle.

CUBEKPIMEMBER

Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name, property, and measure, and displays the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization's performance.

CUBEMEMBER

Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.

CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY

Returns the value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member.

CUBERANKEDMEMBER

Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or top 10 students.

CUBESET

Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office Excel.

CUBESETCOUNT

Returns the number of items in a set.

CUBEVALUE

Returns an aggregated value from a cube.

CUMIPMT

Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods.

CUMPRINC

Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods.

Date & TimeBeginner EssentialsDates & Time CalculationsMost Used

DATE

Returns the serial number of a particular date.

DATEDIF

Calculates the number of days, months, or years between two dates. This function is useful in formulas where you need to calculate an age.

DATEVALUE

Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number.

DAVERAGE

Returns the average of selected database entries.

DAY

Converts a serial number to a day of the month.

DAYS

Returns the number of days between two dates.

DAYS360

Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year.

DB

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method.

DBCS

Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters.

DCOUNT

Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database.

DCOUNTA

Counts nonblank cells in a database.

DDB

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify.

DEC2BIN

Converts a decimal number to binary.

DEC2HEX

Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal.

DEC2OCT

Converts a decimal number to octal.

DECIMAL

Converts a text representation of a number in a given base into a decimal number.

DEGREES

Converts radians to degrees.

DELTA

Tests whether two values are equal.

DETECTLANGUAGE

Identifies the language of a specified text.

DEVSQ

Returns the sum of squares of deviations.

DGET

Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria.

DISC

Returns the discount rate for a security.

DMAX

Returns the maximum value from selected database entries.

DMIN

Returns the minimum value from selected database entries.

DOLLAR

Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format.

DOLLARDE

Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number.

DOLLARFR

Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction.

DPRODUCT

Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

DROP

Excludes a specified number of rows or columns from the start or end of an array.

DSTDEV

Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries.

DSTDEVP

Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries.

DSUM

Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria.

DURATION

Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments.

DVAR

Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries.

DVARP

Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries.

EDATE

Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date.

EFFECT

Returns the effective annual interest rate.

WebDesktop OnlyWeb & External Data

ENCODEURL

Returns a URL-encoded string.

EOMONTH

Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months.

ERF

Returns the error function.

ERF.PRECISE

Returns the error function.

ERFC

Returns the complementary error function.

ERFC.PRECISE

Returns the complementary ERF function integrated between x and infinity.

InformationError Handling & ChecksInformation & Auditing

ERROR.TYPE

Returns a number corresponding to an error type.

EUROCONVERT

Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation).

User DefinedUser Defined

EVEN

Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer.

EXACT

Checks to see if two text values are identical.

EXP

Returns e raised to the power of a given number.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

EXPAND

Expands or pads an array to specified row and column dimensions.

EXPON.DIST

Returns the exponential distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

EXPONDIST

Returns the exponential distribution.

F.DIST

Returns the F probability distribution.

F.DIST.RT

Returns the F probability distribution.

F.INV

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.

F.INV.RT

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.

F.TEST

Returns the result of an F-test.

FACT

Returns the factorial of a number.

FACTDOUBLE

Returns the double factorial of a number.

LogicalLogic & Conditions

FALSE

Returns the logical value FALSE.

FDIST

Returns the F probability distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

FILTER

Filters a range of data based on criteria you define.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

FILTERXML

Returns specific data from the XML content by using the specified XPath.

WebDesktop OnlyWeb & External Data

FIND

Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive).

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

FINV

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.

FISHER

Returns the Fisher transformation.

FISHERINV

Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation.

FIXED

Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

FLOOR

Rounds a number down, toward zero.

FLOOR.MATH

Rounds a number down, to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

FLOOR.PRECISE

Rounds a number the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of the number, the number is rounded up.

FORECAST

Returns a value along a linear trend This function has been replaced with FORECAST.LINEAR as part of the new Forecasting, but it's still available for compatibility with earlier versions.

FORECAST.ETS

Returns a future value based on existing (historical) values by using the AAA version of the Exponential Smoothing (ETS) algorithm.

FORECAST.ETS.CONFINT

Returns a confidence interval for the forecast value at the specified target date.

FORECAST.ETS.SEASONALITY

Returns the length of the repetitive pattern Excel detects for the specified time series.

FORECAST.ETS.STAT

Returns a statistical value as a result of time series forecasting.

FORECAST.LINEAR

Returns a future value based on existing values.

FORMULATEXT

Returns the formula at the given reference as text.

FREQUENCY

Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

FTEST

Returns the result of an F-test.

FV

Returns the future value of an investment.

FVSCHEDULE

Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates.

GAMMA

Returns the Gamma function value.

GAMMA.DIST

Returns the gamma distribution.

GAMMA.INV

Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

GAMMADIST

Returns the gamma distribution.

GAMMAINV

Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

GAMMALN

Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x).

GAMMALN.PRECISE

Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, Γ(x).

GAUSS

Returns 0.5 less than the standard normal cumulative distribution.

GCD

Returns the greatest common divisor.

GEOMEAN

Returns the geometric mean.

GESTEP

Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value.

GETPIVOTDATA

Returns data stored in a PivotTable report.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

GROUPBY

Helps a user group, aggregate, sort, and filter data based on the fields you specify.

GROWTH

Returns values along an exponential trend.

HARMEAN

Returns the harmonic mean.

HEX2BIN

Converts a hexadecimal number to binary.

HEX2DEC

Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal.

HEX2OCT

Converts a hexadecimal number to octal.

HLOOKUP

Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell.

HOUR

Converts a serial number to an hour.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

HSTACK

Appends arrays horizontally and in sequence to return a larger array.

HYPERLINK

Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet.

HYPGEOM.DIST

Returns the hypergeometric distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

HYPGEOMDIST

Returns the hypergeometric distribution.

IF

Specifies a logical test to perform.

LogicalBeginner EssentialsLogic & ConditionsMost Used

IFERROR

Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula.

LogicalBeginner EssentialsError Handling & ChecksLogic & Conditions

IFNA

Returns the value you specify if the expression resolves to #N/A, otherwise returns the result of the expression.

LogicalError Handling & ChecksLogic & ConditionsMost Used

IFS

Checks whether one or more conditions are met and returns a value that corresponds to the first TRUE condition.

LogicalLogic & ConditionsModern Excel FunctionsMost Used

IMABS

Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number.

Lookup & ReferenceLookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

IMAGE

Returns an image from a given source.

IMAGINARY

Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number.

IMARGUMENT

Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians.

IMCONJUGATE

Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number.

IMCOS

Returns the cosine of a complex number.

IMCOSH

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number.

IMCOT

Returns the cotangent of a complex number.

IMCSC

Returns the cosecant of a complex number.

IMCSCH

Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number.

IMDIV

Returns the quotient of two complex numbers.

IMEXP

Returns the exponential of a complex number.

IMLN

Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number.

IMLOG10

Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number.

IMLOG2

Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number.

IMPOWER

Returns a complex number raised to an integer power.

IMPRODUCT

Returns the product of complex numbers.

IMREAL

Returns the real coefficient of a complex number.

IMSEC

Returns the secant of a complex number.

IMSECH

Returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number.

IMSIN

Returns the sine of a complex number.

IMSINH

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number.

IMSQRT

Returns the square root of a complex number.

IMSUB

Returns the difference between two complex numbers.

IMSUM

Returns the sum of complex numbers.

IMTAN

Returns the tangent of a complex number.

Lookup & ReferenceBeginner EssentialsLookup & Matching EssentialsMost Used

INDEX

Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array.

INDIRECT

Returns a reference indicated by a text value.

InformationDesktop OnlyInformation & Auditing

INFO

Returns information about the current operating environment.

INT

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.

INTERCEPT

Returns the intercept of the linear regression line.

INTRATE

Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security.

IPMT

Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period.

IRR

Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.

InformationError Handling & ChecksInformation & Auditing

ISBLANK

Returns TRUE if the value is blank.

ISERR

Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A.

InformationError Handling & ChecksInformation & Auditing

ISERROR

Returns TRUE if the value is any error value.

InformationError Handling & ChecksInformation & Auditing

ISEVEN

Returns TRUE if the number is even.

ISFORMULA

Returns TRUE if there is a reference to a cell that contains a formula.

ISLOGICAL

Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value.

InformationError Handling & ChecksInformation & Auditing

ISNA

Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value.

ISNONTEXT

Returns TRUE if the value is not text.

InformationError Handling & ChecksInformation & Auditing

ISNUMBER

Returns TRUE if the value is a number.

ISO.CEILING

Returns a number that is rounded up to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance.

ISODD

Returns TRUE if the number is odd.

InformationInformation & AuditingModern Excel Functions

ISOMITTED

Checks whether the value in a LAMBDA is missing and returns TRUE or FALSE.

ISOWEEKNUM

Returns the number of the ISO week number of the year for a given date.

ISPMT

Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment.

ISREF

Returns TRUE if the value is a reference.

InformationError Handling & ChecksInformation & Auditing

ISTEXT

Returns TRUE if the value is text.

JIS

Changes half-width (single-byte) characters within a string to full-width (double-byte) characters.

KURT

Returns the kurtosis of a data set.

LogicalDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALogic & ConditionsModern Excel Functions

LAMBDA

Create custom, reusable and call them by a friendly name.

LARGE

Returns the k-th largest value in a data set.

LCM

Returns the least common multiple.

LEFT

Returns the leftmost characters from a text value.

LEN

Returns the number of characters in a text string.

LogicalDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALogic & ConditionsModern Excel Functions

LET

Assigns names to calculation results.

LINEST

Returns the parameters of a linear trend.

LN

Returns the natural logarithm of a number.

LOG

Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base.

LOG10

Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.

LOGEST

Returns the parameters of an exponential trend.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

LOGINV

Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution.

LOGNORM.DIST

Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution.

LOGNORM.INV

Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

LOGNORMDIST

Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution.

LOOKUP

Looks up values in a vector or array.

LOWER

Converts text to lowercase.

LogicalDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALogic & ConditionsModern Excel Functions

MAKEARRAY

Returns a calculated array of a specified row and column size, by applying a LAMBDA.

MAP

Returns an array formed by mapping each value in the array(s) to a new value by applying a LAMBDA to create a new value.

LogicalDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALogic & ConditionsModern Excel Functions

MATCH

Looks up values in a reference or array.

Lookup & ReferenceBeginner EssentialsLookup & Matching EssentialsMost Used

MAX

Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments.

StatisticalBeginner EssentialsMost UsedStatistics & Analysis

MAXA

Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values.

StatisticalModern Excel FunctionsStatistics & Analysis

MAXIFS

Returns the maximum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria.

MDETERM

Returns the matrix determinant of an array.

MDURATION

Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100.

MEDIAN

Returns the median of the given numbers.

MID

Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify.

StatisticalBeginner EssentialsMost UsedStatistics & Analysis

MIN

Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments.

MINA

Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values.

StatisticalModern Excel FunctionsStatistics & Analysis

MINIFS

Returns the minimum value among cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria.

MINUTE

Converts a serial number to a minute.

MINVERSE

Returns the matrix inverse of an array.

MIRR

Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates.

MMULT

Returns the matrix product of two arrays.

MOD

Returns the remainder from division.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

MODE

Returns the most common value in a data set.

MODE.MULT

Returns a vertical array of the most frequently occurring, or repetitive values in an array or range of data.

MODE.SNGL

Returns the most common value in a data set.

MONTH

Converts a serial number to a month.

MROUND

Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple.

MULTINOMIAL

Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers.

MUNIT

Returns the unit matrix or the specified dimension.

N

Returns a value converted to a number.

InformationError Handling & ChecksInformation & Auditing

NA

Returns the error value #N/A.

NEGBINOM.DIST

Returns the negative binomial distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

NEGBINOMDIST

Returns the negative binomial distribution.

NETWORKDAYS

Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates.

NETWORKDAYS.INTL

Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days.

NOMINAL

Returns the annual nominal interest rate.

NORM.DIST

Returns the normal cumulative distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

NORM.INV

Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution.

NORM.S.DIST

Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution.

NORM.S.INV

Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

NORMDIST

Returns the normal cumulative distribution.

NORMINV

Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

NORMSDIST

Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution.

NORMSINV

Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

NOT

Reverses the logic of its argument.

LogicalLogic & ConditionsMost Used

NOW

Returns the serial number of the current date and time.

Date & TimeBeginner EssentialsDates & Time CalculationsMost Used

NPER

Returns the number of periods for an investment.

NPV

Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate.

NUMBERVALUE

Converts text to number in a locale-independent manner.

OCT2BIN

Converts an octal number to binary.

OCT2DEC

Converts an octal number to decimal.

OCT2HEX

Converts an octal number to hexadecimal.

ODD

Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer.

ODDFPRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period.

ODDFYIELD

Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period.

ODDLPRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period.

ODDLYIELD

Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period.

OFFSET

Returns a reference offset from a given reference.

LogicalBeginner EssentialsLogic & ConditionsMost Used

OR

Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE.

PDURATION

Returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a specified value.

PEARSON

Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

PERCENTILE

Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range.

PERCENTILE.EXC

Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range, where k is in the range 0..1, exclusive.

PERCENTILE.INC

Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range.

Math & TrigonometryMath BasicsModern Excel Functions

PERCENTOF

Sums the values in the subset and divides it by all the values.

PERCENTRANK

Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

PERCENTRANK.EXC

Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage (0..1, exclusive) of the data set.

PERCENTRANK.INC

Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set.

PERMUT

Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects.

PERMUTATIONA

Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects (with repetitions) that can be selected from the total objects.

PHI

Returns the value of the density function for a standard normal distribution.

PHONETIC

Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string.

PI

Returns the value of pi.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

PIVOTBY

Helps a user group, aggregate, sort, and filter data based on the row and column fields that you specify.

PMT

Returns the periodic payment for an annuity.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

POISSON

Returns the Poisson distribution.

POISSON.DIST

Returns the Poisson distribution.

POWER

Returns the result of a number raised to a power.

PPMT

Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period.

PRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest.

PRICEDISC

Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security.

PRICEMAT

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity.

PROB

Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits.

PRODUCT

Multiplies its arguments.

PROPER

Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value.

PV

Returns the present value of an investment.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

QUARTILE

Returns the quartile of a data set.

QUARTILE.EXC

Returns the quartile of the data set, based on percentile values from 0..1, exclusive.

QUARTILE.INC

Returns the quartile of a data set.

QUOTIENT

Returns the integer portion of a division.

RADIANS

Converts degrees to radians.

RAND

Returns a random number between 0 and 1.

Math & TrigonometryMath BasicsModern Excel Functions

RANDARRAY

Returns an array of random numbers between 0 and 1. However, you can specify the number of rows and columns to fill, minimum and maximum values, and whether to return whole numbers or decimal values.

RANDBETWEEN

Returns a random number between the numbers you specify.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

RANK

Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.

RANK.AVG

Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.

RANK.EQ

Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.

RATE

Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity.

RECEIVED

Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security.

LogicalDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALogic & ConditionsModern Excel Functions

REDUCE

Reduces an array to an accumulated value by applying a LAMBDA to each value and returning the total value in the accumulator.

REGEXEXTRACT

Extracts strings within the provided text that matches the pattern.

REGEXREPLACE

Replaces strings within the provided text that matches the pattern with replacement.

REGEXTEST

Determines whether any part of text matches the pattern.

REGISTER.ID

Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that has been previously registered.

User DefinedUser Defined

REPLACE

Replaces characters within text.

REPT

Repeats text a given number of times.

RIGHT

Returns the rightmost characters from a text value.

ROMAN

Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text.

Math & TrigonometryBeginner EssentialsMath BasicsMost Used

ROUND

Rounds a number to a specified number of digits.

ROUNDDOWN

Rounds a number down, toward zero.

Math & TrigonometryMath BasicsMost Used

ROUNDUP

Rounds a number up, away from zero.

Math & TrigonometryMath BasicsMost Used

ROW

Returns the row number of a reference.

ROWS

Returns the number of rows in a reference.

RRI

Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment.

RSQ

Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient.

RTD

Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation.

LogicalDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALogic & ConditionsModern Excel Functions

SCAN

Scans an array by applying a LAMBDA to each value and returns an array that has each intermediate value.

SEARCH

Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive).

SEC

Returns the secant of an angle.

SECH

Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle.

SECOND

Converts a serial number to a second.

Math & TrigonometryDynamic Arrays & LAMBDAMath BasicsModern Excel Functions

SEQUENCE

Generates a list of sequential numbers in an array, such as 1, 2, 3, 4.

SERIESSUM

Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula.

SHEET

Returns the sheet number of the referenced sheet.

SHEETS

Returns the number of sheets in a reference.

SIGN

Returns the sign of a number.

SIN

Returns the sine of the given angle.

SINH

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.

SKEW

Returns the skewness of a distribution.

SKEW.P

Returns the skewness of a distribution based on a population: a characterization of the degree of asymmetry of a distribution around its mean.

SLN

Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period.

SLOPE

Returns the slope of the linear regression line.

SMALL

Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

SORT

Sorts the contents of a range or array.

SORTBY

Sorts the contents of a range or array based on the values in a corresponding range or array.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

SQRT

Returns a positive square root.

SQRTPI

Returns the square root of (number * pi).

STANDARDIZE

Returns a normalized value.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

STDEV

Estimates standard deviation based on a sample.

STDEV.P

Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population.

STDEV.S

Estimates standard deviation based on a sample.

STDEVA

Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

STDEVP

Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population.

STDEVPA

Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values.

STEYX

Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression.

STOCKHISTORY

Retrieves historical data about a financial instrument and loads it as an array.

TextMost UsedText CleaningText Processing

SUBSTITUTE

Substitutes new text for old text in a text string.

SUBTOTAL

Returns a subtotal in a list or database.

Math & TrigonometryBeginner EssentialsMath BasicsMost Used

SUM

Adds its arguments.

SUMIF

Adds the cells specified by a given criteria.

Math & TrigonometryBeginner EssentialsMath BasicsMost Used

SUMIFS

Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria.

Math & TrigonometryMath BasicsMost Used

SUMPRODUCT

Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components.

SUMSQ

Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments.

SUMX2MY2

Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.

SUMX2PY2

Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays.

SUMXMY2

Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays.

LogicalLogic & ConditionsModern Excel Functions

SWITCH

Evaluates an expression against a list of values and returns the result corresponding to the first matching value. If there is no match, an optional default value may be returned.

SYD

Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period.

T

Converts its arguments to text.

T.DIST

Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution.

T.DIST.2T

Returns the Percentage Points (probability) for the Student t-distribution.

T.DIST.RT

Returns the Student's t-distribution.

T.INV

Returns the t-value of the Student's t-distribution as a function of the probability and the degrees of freedom.

T.INV.2T

Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution.

T.TEST

Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

TAKE

Returns a specified number of contiguous rows or columns from the start or end of an array.

TAN

Returns the tangent of a number.

TANH

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.

TBILLEQ

Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill.

TBILLPRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill.

TBILLYIELD

Returns the yield for a Treasury bill.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

TDIST

Returns the Student's t-distribution.

TEXT

Formats a number and converts it to text.

TextModern Excel FunctionsText CleaningText Processing

TEXTAFTER

Returns text that occurs after given character or string.

TEXTBEFORE

Returns text that occurs before a given character or string.

TextModern Excel FunctionsText CleaningText Processing

TEXTJOIN

Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings.

TextModern Excel FunctionsMost UsedText Cleaning

TEXTSPLIT

Splits text strings by using column and row delimiters.

TextModern Excel FunctionsText CleaningText Processing

TIME

Returns the serial number of a particular time.

TIMEVALUE

Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

TINV

Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution.

TOCOL

Returns the array in a single column.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

TODAY

Returns the serial number of today's date.

Date & TimeBeginner EssentialsDates & Time CalculationsMost Used

TOROW

Returns the array in a single row.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

TRANSLATE

Translates a text from one language to another.

TRANSPOSE

Returns the transpose of an array.

TREND

Returns values along a linear trend.

TextBeginner EssentialsMost UsedText Cleaning

TRIM

Removes spaces from text.

TRIMMEAN

Returns the mean of the interior of a data set.

Lookup & ReferenceLookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

TRIMRANGE

Scans in from the edges of a range or array until it finds a non-blank cell (or value), it then excludes those blank rows or columns.

TRUE

Returns the logical value TRUE.

LogicalLogic & Conditions

TRUNC

Truncates a number to an integer.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

TTEST

Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test.

TYPE

Returns a number indicating the data type of a value.

UNICHAR

Returns the Unicode character that is references by the given numeric value.

UNICODE

Returns the number (code point) that corresponds to the first character of the text.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

UNIQUE

Returns a list of unique values in a list or range.

UPPER

Converts text to uppercase.

VALUE

Converts a text argument to a number.

VALUETOTEXT

Returns text from any specified value.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

VAR

Estimates variance based on a sample.

VAR.P

Calculates variance based on the entire population.

VAR.S

Estimates variance based on a sample.

VARA

Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

VARP

Calculates variance based on the entire population.

VARPA

Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values.

VDB

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method.

Lookup & ReferenceBeginner EssentialsLookup & Matching EssentialsMost Used

VLOOKUP

Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell.

VSTACK

Appends arrays vertically and in sequence to return a larger array.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

WEBSERVICE

Returns data from a web service.

WebDesktop OnlyWeb & External Data

WEEKDAY

Converts a serial number to a day of the week.

WEEKNUM

Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year.

CompatibilityCompatibility / LegacyLegacy / Older Versions

WEIBULL

Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values.

WEIBULL.DIST

Returns the Weibull distribution.

WORKDAY

Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays.

WORKDAY.INTL

Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

WRAPCOLS

Wraps the provided row or column of values by columns after a specified number of elements.

WRAPROWS

Wraps the provided row or column of values by rows after a specified number of elements.

Lookup & ReferenceDynamic Arrays & LAMBDALookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

XIRR

Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic.

Lookup & ReferenceBeginner EssentialsLookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel Functions

XLOOKUP

Searches a range or an array, and returns an item corresponding to the first match it finds. If a match doesn't exist, then XLOOKUP can return the closest (approximate) match.

XMATCH

Returns the relative position of an item in an array or range of cells.

Lookup & ReferenceLookup & Matching EssentialsModern Excel FunctionsMost Used

XNPV

Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic.

LogicalLogic & Conditions

XOR

Returns a logical exclusive OR of all arguments.

YEAR

Converts a serial number to a year.

YEARFRAC

Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date.

YIELD

Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest.

YIELDDISC

Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill.

YIELDMAT

Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity.

Z.TEST

Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test.